Sending And Detecting Synchronization Signals And An Associated Information Message

ABSTRACT

Embodiments herein relate to methods and apparatuses. A method performed by a network node ( 210 ) for sending to a wireless device ( 250 ) a first synchronization signal and an associated information message, for synchronization of the wireless device ( 250 ) with the network node ( 210 ) is provided. The network node ( 210 ) sends the first synchronization signal in OFDM symbols within a subframe, at least once in a time and frequency position in every one of the N OFDM symbols. For each sending of the first synchronization signal, the network node ( 210 ) sends an associated information message at a pre-defined time and frequency position in an OFDM symbol. The pre-defined time and frequency position is relative to the time and frequency position of the first synchronization signal. Embodiments herein also relate to a wireless device and method therein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to a network node and methodstherein for sending, to a wireless device, a first synchronizationsignal and an associated information message, for synchronization of thewireless device with the network node. The present disclosure alsorelates generally to the wireless device and methods therein fordetecting the first synchronization signal and the associatedinformation message.

BACKGROUND

Communication devices such as terminals are also known as e.g. UserEquipments (UE), wireless devices, mobile terminals, wireless terminalsand/or mobile stations. Terminals are enabled to communicate wirelesslyin a cellular communications network or wireless communication system,sometimes also referred to as a cellular radio system or cellularnetworks. The communication may be performed e.g. between two terminals,between a terminal and a regular telephone and/or between a terminal anda server via a Radio Access Network (RAN) and possibly one or more corenetworks, comprised within the cellular communications network.

Terminals may further be referred to as mobile telephones, cellulartelephones, laptops, or surf plates with wireless capability, just tomention some further examples. The terminals in the present context maybe, for example, portable, pocket-storable, hand-held,computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices, enabled tocommunicate voice and/or data, via the RAN, with another entity, such asanother terminal or a server.

The cellular communications network covers a geographical area which isdivided into cell areas, wherein each cell area being served by anaccess node such as a base station, e.g. a Radio Base Station (RBS),which sometimes may be referred to as e.g. “eNB”, “eNodeB”, “NodeB”, “Bnode”, or BTS (Base Transceiver Station), depending on the technologyand terminology used. The base stations may be of different classes suchas e.g. macro eNodeB, home eNodeB or pico base station, based ontransmission power and thereby also cell size. A cell is thegeographical area where radio coverage is provided by the base stationat a base station site. One base station, situated on the base stationsite, may serve one or several cells. Further, each base station maysupport one or several communication technologies. The base stationscommunicate over the air interface operating on radio frequencies withthe terminals within range of the base stations. In the context of thisdisclosure, the expression Downlink (DL) is used for the transmissionpath from the base station to the mobile station. The expression Uplink(UL) is used for the transmission path in the opposite direction i.e.from the mobile station to the base station.

In 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution(LTE), base stations, which may be referred to as eNodeBs or even eNBs,may be directly connected to one or more core networks.

3GPP LTE radio access standard has been written in order to support highbitrates and low latency both for uplink and downlink traffic. All datatransmission is in LTE controlled by the radio base station.

The development of the 5^(th) Generation (5G) access technology and airinterference is still very premature but there have been some earlypublications on potential technology candidates. A candidate on a 5G airinterface is to scale the current LTE, which is limited to 20 Mega Hertz(MHz) bandwidth, N times in bandwidth with 1/N times shorter timeduration, here abbreviated as LTE-Nx. A typical value may be N=5 so thatthe carrier has 100 MHz bandwidth and 0.1 millisecond slot lengths. Withthis scaled approach, many functions in LTE can be re-used in LTE-Nx,which would simplify standardization effort and allow for a reuse oftechnology components.

The carrier frequency for an anticipated 5G system could be much higherthan current 3G and 4^(th) Generation (4G) systems, values in the range10-80 Giga Hertz (GHz) have been discussed. At these high frequencies,an array antenna may be used to achieve coverage through beamforminggain, such as that depicted in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 depicts a 5G systemexample with three Transmission Points (TPs), Transmission Point 1(TP1), Transmission Point 2 (TP2), Transmission Point 3 (TP3) and a UE.Each TP utilizes beamforming for transmission. Since the wavelength isless than 3 centimeters (cm), an array antenna with a large number ofantenna elements may be fit into an antenna enclosure with a sizecomparable to 3G and 4G base station antennas of today. To achieve areasonable link budget, a typical example of a total antenna array sizeis comparable to an A4 sheet of paper.

The beams are typically highly directive and give beamforming gains of20 decibels (dB) or more since so many antenna elements participate informing a beam. This means that each beam is relatively narrow inhorizontal and/or azimuth angle, a Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) of 5degrees is not uncommon. Hence, a sector of a cell may need to becovered with a large number of potential beams. Beamforming can be seenas when a signal is transmitted in such a narrow HPBW that it isintended for a single wireless device or a group of wireless devices ina similar geographical position. This may be seen in contrast to otherbeam shaping techniques, such as cell shaping, where the coverage of acell is dynamically adjusted to follow the geographical positions of agroup of users in the cell. Although beamforming and cell shaping usesimilar techniques, i.e., transmitting a signal over multiple antennaelements and applying individual complex weights to these antennaelements, the notion of beamforming and beams in the embodimentsdescribed herein relates to the narrow HPBW basically intended for asingle wireless device or terminal position.

In some embodiments herein, a system with multiple transmission nodes isconsidered, where each node has an array antenna capable of generatingmany beams with small HPBW. These nodes may then for instance use one ormultiple LTE-Nx carriers, so that a total transmission bandwidth ofmultiples of hundreds of MHz can be achieved leading to downlink peakuser throughputs reaching as much as 10 Gigabytes (Gbit/s) or more.

In LTE access procedures, a UE may first search for a cell using a cellsearch procedure, to detect an LTE cell and decode information requiredto register to the cell. There may also be a need to identify new cells,when a UE is already connected to a cell to find neighbouring cells. Inthis case, the UE may report the detected neighbouring cell identity andsome measurements, to its serving cell, as to prepare for a handover. Inorder to support cell search, a unique Primary Synchronization Signal(PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be transmitted fromeach eNB. The synchronizations signals are used for frequencysynchronization and time synchronization. That is, to align a receiverof wireless device, e.g., the UE, to the signals transmitted by anetwork node, e.g., the eNB. The PSS comprises information that allowsthe wireless device in LTE to detect the 5 ms timing of the cell, andthe cell identity within the cell-identity group. The SSS allows thewireless device in LTE to obtain frame timing and the cell-identitygroup. The PSS may be constructed from a Zadoff-Chu sequence of length63, mapped to the center 64 subcarriers where the middle, so called DCsubcarrier is unused. There may be three PSS in LTE, corresponding tothree physical layer identities. The SSS may be constructed from twointerleaved M-sequences of length 31 respectively, and by applyingdifferent cyclic shifts of each of the two M-sequences, different SSSmay be obtained. In total, there may be 168 valid combinations of thetwo M-sequences, representing the cell identity groups. Combining thePSS and SSS, there may be thus in total 504 physical cell identities inLTE.

When a cell has been found, the UE may proceed with further steps to beassociated with this cell, which may then be known as the serving cellfor this UE. After the cell is found, the UE may read System Information(SI) in e.g., the Physical Broadcast CHannel (PBCH), known as the MasterInformation Block (MIB), which is found in a time frequency positionrelative to the PSS and SSS locations. The SI comprises all theinformation needed by a wireless device to access the network using arandom access procedure. After the MIB is detected, the System FrameNumber (SFN) and the system bandwidth are known. The UE may let thenetwork know about its presence by transmitting a message in thePhysical Random Access CHannel (PRACH).

When a cell has multiple antennas, each antenna may transmit anindividual encoded message to the wireless device or UE, therebymultiplying the capacity by the number of layers transmitted. This iswell known as MIMO transmission, and the number of layers transmitted isknown as the rank of the transmission. Beamforming, traditionally, isequivalent to a rank 1 transmission, where only one encoded message istransmitted, but simultaneously from all antennas with individually setcomplex beamforming weights per antenna. Hence, in beamforming, only asingle layer of Physical Downlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) or EvolvedPhysical Downlink Control CHannel (EPDCCH) is transmitted in a singlebeam. This beamforming transmission is also possible in LTE, so after aUE has been associated with a cell, a set of N=1, 2, 4 or 8 ChannelState Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS) may be configured formeasurement reference at the UE, so that the UE may report a preferredrank 1 N×1 precoding vector containing the complex beamforming weightsbased on the CSI-RS measurement. The precoding vector may be selectedfrom a codebook of rank 1 precoding vectors. In Rel-8, there are 16 rank1 precoding vectors defined, and in Rel-12 a new codebook was designedwith 256 rank 1 precoding vectors.

A “beam” may thus be the result of a certain precoding vector appliedfor one layer of transmitted signal across the antenna elements, whereeach antenna element may have an amplitude weight and a phase shift inthe general case, or equivalently, the signal transmitted from theantenna element may be multiplied with a complex number, the weight. Ifthe antenna elements are placed in two or three dimensions, and thus,not only on a straight line, then two dimensional beamforming ispossible, where the beam pointing direction may be steered in bothhorizontal and azimuth angle. Sometimes, also three Dimensional (3D)beamforming is mentioned, where also a variable transmit power has beentaken into account. In addition, the antenna elements in the antennaarray may consist of different polarizations, and hence it is possible,by adjusting the antenna weights, to dynamically alter the polarizationstate of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. Hence, a two dimensionalarray with elements of different polarizations may give a largeflexibility in beamforming, depending on the antenna weights. Sometimes,a certain set of precoding weights are denoted as a “beam state”,generating a certain beam in azimuth, elevation and polarization as wellas power.

The most flexible implementation may be to use a fully digitalbeamformer, where each weight may be applied independent of each other.However, to reduce hardware cost, size and power consumption, some ofthe weighting functionality may be placed in hardware, e.g., using aButler matrix, whereas other parts may be controlled in software. Forinstance, the elevation angle may be controlled by a Butler matriximplementation, while the azimuth angle may be controlled in software. Aproblem with the hardware beamforming may be that it involves switchesand phase shifters, which may have some switching latency, makinginstant switching of beam unrealizable.

The PBCH is transmitted using the Common Reference Signals (CRS) as ademodulation reference. Since the PSS, SSS and the PBCH channel areintended for any UE that wishes to attach to the cell, they aretypically transmitted in a cell broad coverage, typically using e.g.,120 degree sectors. Hence, such signals are not beamformed in LTE, as itis a risk that, e.g., the PSS and SSS will be in the side lobe or evenin a null direction of the beamforming radiation pattern. This wouldlead to failure in synchronizing to the cell, or failure in detectingMIB.

Existing methods for transmission of synchronization signals from anetwork node to a wireless device are designed for wide area coverage atlower carrier frequencies of transmission than those expected to be usedin future systems. These current methods may lead to numeroussynchronization failures when used in communication systems using highfrequency carriers, such as those projected to be used in the future 5Gsystem.

SUMMARY

It is an object of embodiments herein to improve the performance in awireless communications network by providing an improved way for anetwork node to send synchronization signals, for synchronization of thewireless device with the network node and for a wireless device todetect these synchronization signals.

According to an aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved bya method performed by a network node for sending, to a wireless device,a first synchronization signal and an associated information message.This is done for synchronization of the wireless device with the networknode. The method comprising: sending the first synchronization signal inN OFDM symbols within a subframe, at least once in a time and frequencyposition in every one of the N OFDM symbols, and, for each sending ofthe first synchronization signal, sending the associated informationmessage at a pre-defined time and frequency position in an OFDM symbol.The pre-defined time and frequency position is relative to the time andfrequency position of the first synchronization signal.

According to another aspect of embodiments herein, the object isachieved by a method performed by the wireless device for detecting thefirst synchronization signal and the associated information message sentby the network node. This is done for synchronization of the wirelessdevice with the network node. The method comprising: detecting the firstsynchronization signal sent by the network node in N OFDM symbols withina subframe, at least once in a time and frequency position in every oneof the N OFDM symbols. The method further comprising: detecting theassociated information message at the pre-defined time and frequencyposition. The pre-defined time and frequency position is relative to thetime and frequency position of the detected first synchronizationsignal; and obtaining subframe timing and/or frame timing by detectingan index comprised in the associated information message.

According to another aspect of embodiments herein, the object isachieved by the network node, configured to send to the wireless devicethe first synchronization signal and the associated information message.This is done for synchronization of the wireless device with the networknode. The network node is configured to send the first synchronizationsignal in N OFDM symbols within a subframe, at least once in a time andfrequency position in every one of the N OFDM symbols. For each sendingof the first synchronization signal, the network node is configured tosend the associated information message at the pre-defined frequencyposition in a pre-defined OFDM symbol. The pre-defined time andfrequency position is relative to the time and frequency position of thefirst synchronization signal.

According to another aspect of embodiments herein, the object isachieved by the wireless device, configured to detect the firstsynchronization signal and the associated information message configuredto be sent by the network node. This is done for synchronization of thewireless device with the network node. The wireless device is configuredto detect the first synchronization signal. The first synchronizationsignal is configured to have been sent by the network node in N OFDMsymbols within a subframe, at least once in a time and frequencyposition in every one of the N OFDM symbols. The wireless device isfurther configured to detect the associated information message at apre-defined time and frequency position. The pre-defined time andfrequency position is relative to the time and frequency position of thedetected first synchronization signal. The wireless device is furtherconfigured to obtain subframe timing and/or frame timing by detectingthe index comprised in the associated information message.

According to another aspect of embodiments herein, the object isachieved by a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereonthe computer program, comprising instructions which, when executed on atleast one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out themethod performed by the network node.

According to another aspect of embodiments herein, the object isachieved by a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereonthe computer program, comprising instructions which, when executed on atleast one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out themethod performed by the wireless device.

By the network node repeatedly transmitting the same firstsynchronization signal in N OFDM symbols within a subframe, the wirelessdevice may more likely (blindly) detect the first synchronization signaland the associated information message, in at least one of the usedsymbols. Therefore a way for the wireless device to synchronize with thenetwork node is provided that is optimized for high frequency carriers,using narrow beams. This may be implemented utilizing beamforming, forexample, by the network node transmitting the same first synchronizationsignal in a scanned manner, such as in a new beam in each OFDM symbol,so that the wireless device may more likely detect the firstsynchronization signal and the associated information message, in atleast one of the beams. In the embodiments utilizing beamforming, thenetwork node does not need to know which beam is preferable for thewireless device, for the wireless device to be able to successfullydetect the first synchronization signal and the associated informationmessage, as the first synchronization signal and the associatedinformation are transmitted in multiple beams.

Further advantages of some embodiments disclosed herein are discussedbelow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of embodiments herein are described in more detail withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 5G system example withthree TPs.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments in awireless communications network, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a subframe including PSS, SSSand PBCH.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating another subframe includingPSS, SSS and PBCH.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating detection of a PSS, SSS andPBCH

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating subframes including PSS, SSSand PBCH.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a subframe including 7 OFDMsymbols

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating embodiments of a method in anetwork node, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating embodiments of a method in awireless device, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a methodin a wireless device.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary embodimentinvolving a network/TP or network node and a UE.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary embodimentinvolving a network/TP or network node and a UE.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a exemplary network node according to someembodiments.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an exemplary wireless device according tosome embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As part of the solution according to embodiments herein, one or moreproblems are discussed followed by solutions in accordance withembodiments herein addressing the problems.

In general terms, embodiments herein relate to the fact that at high,e.g., >10 GHz, carrier frequencies, the number of antenna elements atthe transmitter and/or receiver side may be significantly increasedcompared to common 3G and 4G systems, which typically operate atfrequencies below 3 GHz. In such systems, the increased path loss may becompensated for by beamforming. If these beams are narrow, many beamsmay be needed to span a coverage area.

Also in general terms, embodiments herein relate to the fact that sincesynchronization and system information has to be transmitted in a narrowbeam, in horizontal and azimuth angles, to maintain cell coverage andlink reliability, it is then a problem how to transmit these signals andhow the user terminal, e.g., the wireless device, find cells, i.e. toperform cell search, and how to synchronize time and frequency of thenetwork. It is further a problem how to attain system information fromthe network when this information is transmitted using beamforming andhow to acquire symbol and subframe synchronization.

One of the problems addressed by embodiments herein is how to transmitsynchronization signals from a network node to a wireless device in awireless communications network using a high frequency carrier that issubject to higher path loss relative a low frequency carrier, so thatdetection by the wireless device is optimized and synchronizationfailures for failure of detection of synchronization signals aredecreased.

For example, when using beamforming, one of the particular problemsaddressed by embodiments herein is how to use the narrow beams that maybe needed to provide the high beamforming gain that may be required toachieve cell coverage in systems using high frequency carriers, also forsynchronization and transmission of basic system information.

In many cases, such as a wireless device initial access, or when thewireless device is searching for additional cells, it is not possiblefor the network, e.g., a network node controlling one or moreTransmission Points (TPs), each of the TPs transmitting TransmissionPoint (TP) beams, to direct a beam towards a wireless device with thenecessary signals for these operations, since the useful beam, orprecoding vector, for the particular wireless device is not known to thenetwork, e.g., the network node.

Hence, there may be a problem in a network, e.g., the network node, forhow to transmit synchronization signals as well as basic systeminformation, e.g. MIB, to the wireless device in a beam-formed system.

As a consequence of this, it is a problem for a wireless device how totime and frequency synchronize to a cell and how to acquire systeminformation and how to perform handover operations.

It is further a problem how the wireless device may attain the frame andsubframe synchronization respectively as well as the OFDM symbolsynchronization.

These problems are further discussed below.

A set of TPs may be considered wherein each TP can, by use of an arrayantenna, generate transmission of a larger number of different beams,wherein the beams may have different main lobe pointing direction and/ortransmit polarization state.

A given beam may be represented by a certain precoding vector, where foreach antenna element a signal is replicated and transmitted over,anamplitude and/or phase weight is applied. The choice of these weightsthus may determine the beam, and, hence, the beam pointing direction, or“beam state”.

The possibility to choose from a large number of beams to be transmittedfrom a TP may be typical for a 5G system deployed at higher carrierfrequencies above 10 GHz, where the antenna may consist of many antennaelements to achieve a large array gain. However, larger number of beamsmay be applied also in systems operating at lower frequencies, e.g.,below 10 GHz, for improved coverage, with the drawback of a larger totalantenna size, since the wavelengths are longer.

At higher carrier frequencies, an antenna array consisting of multipleantenna elements may be used to compensate for the reduced aperture sizeof each element, which is a function of the carrier frequency, comparedto systems operating at traditional cellular carrier frequencies, i.e.,up to 5 GHz. Moreover, the large antenna gain may in turn containing thecomplex beamforming weights be needed to overcome the path loss athigher frequencies. The large array gain and many antenna elements mayresult in that each generated beam is rather narrow, when expressed interms of HPBW, typically only 5-10 degrees or even smaller, depending onthe particular design of the array antenna. Usually, two-dimensionalbeamforming may be desirable, where a beam may be steered in both anazimuthal and a horizontal direction simultaneously. Adding also thetransmit power to a variable beam, the coverage of the 2D-beam may becontrolled, so that a 3D beamforming system may be achieved.

Since the large array gain may be needed also for synchronization andbroadcast control channels, e.g., carrying basic system information foraccessing the cell, these signals may need to be beam-formed as well.

Synchronization is a cornerstone in accessing a wireless communicationsnetwork. The synchronization may be performed on several levels, theinitial time and frequency synchronization may be needed to tune thereceiver to the used OFDM time frequency grid of resource elements, asthe OFDM symbol boundary. Then, synchronization may also be needed todetect the subframe boundaries, e.g., in LTE, a subframe consists of 14OFDM symbols in the case of normal Cyclic Prefix (CP) length.Furthermore, the frame structure may need to be detected, so thewireless device knows when a new frame begins, e.g., in LTE, a frameconsists of 10 subframes.

In order to solve the problems mentioned above, there is provided amethod performed by a network, e.g., a network node, to enable the useof multiple transmit beams and at the same time provide any of: rapidcell detection, system information acquisition and symbol, subframe andframe synchronization, for a wireless device that may try to connect toa cell, e.g., served by the network node. The proposed method also mayseamlessly allow for different network implementations, e.g., a networknode implementations, and wireless device implementations, which may beimportant, since some implementations may use analog beamformingnetworks where the beam switching time using analog components may betoo long for a switch to be performed within the time between two OFDMsymbols, i.e., at a fraction of the CP length. Also, some wirelessdevice implementations may have a restriction in, e.g., cell searchcomputation power so that less frequent cell searches than once per OFDMsymbol should not unnecessarily restrict the possibility to access thecell, other than potentially an increased access delay.

Embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with referenceto the accompanying drawings, in which examples of the claimed subjectmatter are shown. The claimed subject matter may, however, be embodiedin many different forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the scope of the claimed subject matter to those skilled in theart. It should also be noted that these embodiments are not mutuallyexclusive. Components from one embodiment may be tacitly assumed to bepresent/used in another embodiment.

FIG. 2 depicts a wireless communications network 200 in whichembodiments herein may be implemented. The wireless communicationsnetwork 200 may for example be a network based on Long-Term Evolution(LTE), e.g. LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), LTE Time DivisionDuplex (TDD), LTE Half-Duplex Frequency Division Duplex (HD-FDD), LTEoperating in an unlicensed band, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) TDD, WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), 5G system or any cellularnetwork or system employing multiple beams.

The wireless communications network 200 comprises a transmission point,or TP, 210. The transmission point 210 transmits one or more TP beams.The transmission point 210 may be, for example, a base station such ase.g., an eNB, eNodeB, or a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, femto BaseStation, BS, pico BS or any other network unit capable to serve a deviceor a machine type communication device in the wireless communicationsnetwork 200. In some particular embodiments, the transmission point 210may be a stationary relay node or a mobile relay node. The wirelesscommunications network 200 covers a geographical area which is dividedinto cell areas, wherein each cell area is served by a TP although, oneTP may serve one or several cells, and one cell may be served by morethan one TP. In the non-limiting example depicted in FIG. 2, thetransmission point 210 serves a cell 220. The transmission point 210 maybe of different classes, such as e.g. macro eNodeB, home eNodeB or picobase station, based on transmission power and thereby also cell size.Typically, the wireless communications network 200 may comprise morecells similar to cell 220, served by their respective one or more TPs.This is not depicted in FIG. 2 for the sake of simplicity. Thetransmission point 210 may be referred to herein as a network node 210.The network node 210 controls one or more TPs, such as any of thenetwork node 210.

The network node 210 may support one or several communicationtechnologies, and its name may depend on the technology and terminologyused. In 3GPP LTE, the network node 210, which may be referred to aseNodeBs or even eNBs, may be directly connected to one or more networks230.

The network node 210 may communicate with the one or more networks 230over a link 240.

A number of wireless devices are located in the wireless communicationsnetwork 200. In the example scenario of FIG. 2, only one wireless deviceis shown, wireless device 250. The wireless device 250 may communicatewith the network node 210 over a radio link 260.

The wireless device 250 is a wireless communication device such as a UEwhich is also known as e.g. mobile terminal, wireless terminal and/ormobile station.

The wireless device 250 may further be referred to as a mobiletelephone, cellular telephone, or laptop with wireless capability, justto mention some further examples. The wireless device 250 in the presentcontext may be, for example, portable, pocket-storable, hand-held,computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices, enabled tocommunicate voice and/or data, via the RAN, with another entity, such asa server, a laptop, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), or a tabletcomputer, sometimes referred to as a surf plate with wirelesscapability, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) devices, devices equipped with awireless interface, such as a printer or a file storage device or anyother radio network unit capable of communicating over a radio link in acellular communications system. Further examples of different wirelessdevices, such as the wireless device 250, that may be served by such asystem include, modems, or Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices suchas sensors.

Embodiments of methods performed by the network node 210 and thewireless device 250 will first be described in detail, with illustrativeexamples, in relation to FIGS. 2-8. An overview of the specific actionsthat are or may be carried out by each of the network node 210 and thewireless device 250 to perform these examples, among others, will thenbe provided in relation to FIGS. 9 and 10.

In embodiments herein, a first synchronization signal such as a PrimarySynchronization Signal (PSS) is transmitted by the network node 210 tothe wireless device 250, repeatedly, N times, in N different OFDMsymbols within a subframe, or across multiple subframes. The Ntransmissions need not occur in adjacent OFDM symbols, they may occur inevery other OFDM symbol or more generally even in different subframes orframes. For each PSS transmission instance, the TP, e.g., the networknode 210 or TP 210, may alter one or several of the parametersassociated with the transmission, such as the azimuth angle, thehorizontal angle, the transmit power or the polarization state. A givensetting of all these possible transmission parameters is defined here asa beamforming state. Hence, the network node 210 or TP 210 may scan the3D beamforming and polarization space in up to N different beamformingstates, and in each state, the network node 210 or TP 210 may transmitthe same PSS to provide synchronization for a UE, such as the wirelessdevice 250, in any of these 3D positions. After these N transmissionshave been performed, the 3D scan may start over from the beginningagain, and the value N may, if needed for the wireless device 250, bespecified in the standard, or it may also be signaled to the wirelessdevice 250 by system information, or obtained prior to accessing the 5Gcarrier through signaling on a legacy system, such as LTE. The PSS maybe taken by the network node 210 from a large set of sequences, similarto the PSS used in LTE, where the detection of the PSS may give thewireless device 250 information about a physical cell ID, such as aphysical cell ID of cell 220. The PSS may also be used by the wirelessdevice 250 to get a rough time and frequency synchronization. Note thatthe embodiments described herein are not limited to use the same orsimilar PSS as used in LTE, a completely different design or sequencelength may also be considered.

The UE, such as the wireless device 250, in a favorable position forone, or several, of the N beam states may successfully detect the PSS,when this beam state is used, and may also acquire a physical cell ID,such as the physical cell ID of cell 220, if an LTE type of PSS is used.The network node 210 or TP 210 may also transmit an associatedinformation message such as a SSS, at a known location relative to thePSS. So, when the PSS in a certain OFDM symbol has been detected by thewireless device 250, the wireless device 250 may also find theassociated SSS at a different time and/or frequency position relative tothe PSS. The SSS may then be transmitted by the network node 210 withthe same beamforming state as the associated PSS. One way to implementthis is for the network node 210 to transmit the SSS multiplexed withthe PSS, in the same OFDM symbol (see FIG. 3). Another alternative maybe to split the SSS in two parts, where each part is on either side ofthe PSS, to get a symmetric transmission of PSS and SSS with respect tothe center frequency.

FIG. 3 depicts an example showing a subframe of 14 OFDM symbols, wherethe PSS and SSS are transmitted by the network node 210 in the samesymbol, but at different frequency locations, i.e. subcarrier sets. Ineach OFDM symbol, a different beam state (B1 . . . B14) may be used bythe network node 210 to scan the beams in, for example, the horizontalangle and the azimuth angle. Furthermore, the PBCH, carrying systeminformation, may also be transmitted, by the network node 210, in thesame OFDM symbol as the associated PSS and SSS, and in this example,split on both sides of the PSS. Thus, in some embodiments, one or morePBCH may be associated with one PSS. Note that the system bandwidth maybe larger than what is shown in this figure. Here, only the concept offrequency multiplexing the PSS/SSS/PBCH is illustrated. The OFDM symbolmay also contain other control signaling, or the shared data channel,outside, i.e., on both sides, the frequency band, that carries thePSS/SSS/PBCH. The network/TP, e.g., the network node 210 or TP 210, may,with this arrangement, transmit each OFDM symbol using a differentbeamforming state. Alternatively, the network node 210 or TP 210 maytransmit the PSS/SSS/PBCH part of the OFDM symbol with a firstbeamforming state and the remainder of the OFDM symbol, e.g., on bothsides, with beamforming states that are independently selected and maythus be different from the first beamforming state. In this way, forinstance, the shared data channel may be frequency multiplexed with thePSS/SSS/PBCH and yet, these, i.e., the PSS/SSS/PBCH, are using differentbeams, i.e. beamforming states.

In some embodiments herein, the SSS and one or more PBCH associated,i.e., transmitted, with a particular PSS, may be collectively referredto herein as a message that is associated to the PSS, i.e., anassociated information message.

However, different from the PSS, each SSS may contain information aboutthe subframe timing, such as the subframe offset and/or the frame offsetrelative the SSS time position. Hence, different SecondarySynchronization (SS) sequences may be transmitted by the network node210 for each OFDM symbol, and thus, up to N different SSS may be used bythe network node 210. By detecting which SS sequence is transmitted in acertain OFDM symbol, i.e. a “sequence index”, the wireless device 250may acquire at least the subframe synchronization, by using apre-defined unique mapping between the sequence index and the relativeposition of the OFDM symbol and the subframe boundaries. Hence, thesubframe synchronization is achieved, in the sense that the wirelessdevice 250 may know where the subframe begins and ends. The SSS may alsobe used by the wireless device 250 to acquire the frame synchronization;however, this may require the use of additional SSS sequences. If onlythe subframe synchronization is required, or if the PSS/SSS is onlytransmitted in one pre-defined subframe within the frame, then the sameSSS may be repeatedly used by the network node 210 in every subframecarrying SSS; while in the case also frame synchronization may be neededfrom SSS by the wireless device 250, then different subframes within theframe may need to use unique SSS sequences to be able to acquire therelative distance to the frame boundaries from the detected OFDM symbol.

The SSS used in embodiments herein may or may not be equal to the LTESSS. Since there are only 168 different SSS in LTE, these may not beenough if also used for subframe synchronization in addition to time andfrequency synchronization, since a different SSS may be used by thenetwork node 210 in each beam. However, a larger set of SSS may bedefined. This may, in different embodiments, be defined as an extensionof the LTE SSS, by transmitting from the network node 210, in each OFDMsymbol, additional cyclic shift combinations of the two interleavedM-sequences.

In another embodiment, the network node 210 may use the LTE SSS togetherwith at least a third sequence, or a reference signal, for instance, thereference signal used when demodulating the PBCH.

Moreover, to acquire system information, the PBCH may be transmitted bythe network node 210 in the same beam, and thus OFDM symbol, as the SSS,at a known location relative to the SSS and/or PSS. The PBCH may betransmitted together with a demodulation reference signal which residesin the same OFDM symbol as the PBCH, i.e., the reference signal for PBCHdemodulation and the PBCH itself are precoded with the same beamformingweight vector, i.e. the same beam state. Hence, the wireless device 250is not allowed to interpolate the channel estimates across OFDM symbolswhere different beam states have been used. Thus, in a sense, thesereference signals are beam specific.

In one embodiment, the same PBCH information is transmitted by thenetwork node 210 in each transmission instance within a frame. In awireless device 250 implementation embodiment, the wireless device 250may accumulate the PBCH from multiple transmissions from the networknode 210, e.g., multiple OFDM symbols and thus multiple beams, and thusimprove the reception performance of the PBCH, which contains the systeminformation. In some cases, the wireless device 250 detects a signal inmultiple beams and it may, after detecting the PSS with sufficientpower, use the associated PBCH in the same beam, to accumulate energyfor the PBCH detection. However, the channel estimations in the wirelessdevice 250 implementation may need to be repeated in each OFDM symbol,since beam specific RS may be used. This may enable coherent receivecombining of multiple beams which, in addition to the beamforming gain,may further enhance the MIB reception by the wireless device 250. Thewireless device 250 may in a further embodiment also discard PBCHreception in the OFDM symbols, i.e. beams, where the PSS has poordetection performance, as to avoid capturing noisy estimates into thePBCH energy accumulation.

It is possible that the wireless device 250 may detect the PSS in morethan one OFDM symbol, since the 3D beams may have overlapping coverage,either in terms of overlapping beam patterns or via multipathreflections in the propagation channel. In this case, the wirelessdevice 250 implementation may estimate which of the successfullydetected OFDM symbols comprised the PSS detection with the highestreceive quality, and use only this when determining the subframe and/orframe timing, to ensure good synchronization performance. It is also animplementation embodiment for the network/TP side, e.g., the networknode 210 or TP 210, to use fewer and/or wider than N beams for the PSS,where N is a specified upper limit on the number of supported beams in a5G network, in which case there are more than a single beam with goodPSS detection possibility for the wireless device 250. Using wider beamsreduces the coverage of each beam, but in some situations coverage maybe less important, such as small cells. This embodiment with wider beamsmay have the advantage that PSS detection is more rapid, and the normalLTE cell search algorithm of relatively low complexity may be re-used inthe wireless device 250.

A further advantage of at least some embodiments described herein may bethat there may be no need for the wireless device 250 to search forbeams at the initial PSS detection; the wireless device 250 simply maydetect successfully when a 3D beamforming state matches the wirelessdevice 250 position in the cell 220. Hence, the use of beams is agnosticto the wireless device 250, at least at this initial stage of PSSdetection. See FIG. 3 for an example of how the PSS/SSS and PBCH may betransmitted by the network node 210 in the described embodiment.

In an alternative embodiment to the above described method, the same SSSsequence may be transmitted in each used OFDM symbol/beam state, whilethe frame and/or subframe offset may be instead explicitly indicated inthe PBCH in the associated OFDM symbol. Hence, MIB detection by thewireless device 250 may in this embodiment be required before framesynchronization may be achieved. A benefit of this embodiment may bethat only one SSS is used, or consumed, per TP, repeatedly in all OFDMsymbols, while the drawback may be that the MIB changes in each OFDMsymbol, so coherent combining over beams may not be used by the wirelessdevice 250. In addition, a beam index n={1, . . . , N} may be signaledin the PBCH, to inform the wireless device 250 on which beam state ofthe maximally possible N beam states was used in the particular OFDMsymbol. The PBCH may also comprise explicit signaling of the subframeoffset and/or the frame offset. In some embodiments, the beam state nmay not be informed to the wireless device 250, but this offsetsignaling still provides necessary information to the wireless device250 to be able to acquire subframe and/or frame synchronization.

In yet an alternative embodiment, the SSS may be used by the wirelessdevice 250 for detecting the subframe offset and the PBCH may be used bythe wireless device 250 to detect the frame offset. Hence, the PBCHmessage may be the same for all OFDM symbols/beams within one subframebut may need to change from subframe to subframe, since the frame offsetchanges. See the figures below for illustrative examples. In thisembodiment, at most 14 different SSS may be required, and the set of SSSmay then be repeated in the next subframe. This is sufficient since SSSis only used to acquire the subframe timing.

FIG. 4 depicts an example showing a subframe of 14 OFDM symbols, wherethe PSS and SSS are transmitted by the network node 210 in differentsymbols, with a time offset, in this case one slot, i.e., 7 OFDMsymbols. Furthermore, the PBCH, carrying system information, is alsotransmitted by the network node 210 in the same OFDM symbol as theassociated PSS and SSS, and in this example split on both sides of thePSS. Note that the system bandwidth may be larger than what is shown inthis figure. Here only the concept of frequency multiplexing thePSS/PBCH or SSS/PBCH is illustrated, and the OFDM symbol may alsocontain other control signaling or the shared data channel. Thenetwork/TP, e.g., the network node 210 or TP 210, may, with thisarrangement, transmit each OFDM symbol using a different beamformingstate. But in this example, the same beamforming state is used in symbolk and k+7 in the subframe, where k=0, . . . , 6. So a UE, such as thewireless device 250, that detects the PSS in OFDM symbol k due to abeneficial beamforming state, may also get the same beamforming state insymbol k+7 when detecting SSS and PBCH. Hence, in each OFDM symbol ineach slot, a different beam state, e.g., B1 . . . B7, may be used by thenetwork node 210 to scan the beams in, for example, the horizontal angleand the azimuth angle. An advantage of this separation in time betweenthe PSS and SSS, e.g., 7 OFDM symbols, compared to the embodiment inFIG. 3, is that the PSS and SSS together may be used to enhance thefrequency synchronization, which is more difficult by the arrangement inFIG. 3, since the same OFDM symbol is used for PSS and SSS.

FIG. 5 depicts an example showing an example of a positive detection bythe wireless device 250 of PSS in OFDM symbol k=5, and thus, also SSSand PBCH detection in OFDM symbol k=12, since the network node 210 or TP210 uses the same beamformer state in symbol k=5 and k=12 from which thewireless device 250 acquires at least the subframe offset Delta_S=12 tothe start of the subframe from either the SSS, for the embodiment whereeach SSS is different, or the PBCH information. In FIG. 5, subframeoffset, as used herein, is represented as “symbol offset”. Also, OFDMsymbols k=5 and k=12 are indicated by the double arrow.

FIG. 6 depicts an example showing a positive detection by the wirelessdevice 250 of a beam in OFDM symbol k=5, PSS, and k=12, SSS, in subframen. The wireless device 250 acquires the subframe offset and the frameoffset from the detection of SSS and/or the detection of PBCH. In FIG.6, subframe offset, as used herein, is represented as “symbol offset”,and frame offset, as used herein, is represented as “subframe offset”.An alternative embodiment may use SSS for detecting by the wirelessdevice 250, the subframe offset and PBCH to detect the frame offset.Hence, the PBCH message is the same for all OFDM symbols/beams withinone subframe, but may need to change from subframe to subframe, sincethe frame offset changes.

In FIG. 6, multiple subframes are used to allow for the network node 210or TP 210 to use more than 7 beam states, i.e. N>7, in the scanningprocedure. In this example, N=7n beams may be scanned if n is the numberof used subframes. If this many beams are unnecessary and it isdetermined that N<8 is sufficient, only a single subframe may be used bythe wireless device 250 for this cell acquisition procedure, i.e., timeand frequency synchronization and detection of the cell ID. In thiscase, the frame offset may be a predefined value instead of beingexplicitly signaled by the network node 210, hence the value may begiven by reading the standard specifications, and it may be selected,e.g., as zero or nine, first or last subframe in the frame.

With the arrangement described in embodiments herein, the number of usedbeam states of a TP, such as the network node 210 or TP 210, may be lessthan the maximal number N the current standard supports, since theoffsets are signaled by SSS and/or PBCH. Moreover, the precoding weightsthat defined the beam state may be transparent to the wireless device250, hence with this arrangement, any beam shapes, i.e., precodingweights, for PSS, SSS and PBCH may be implemented, which may be anadvantage and gives flexibility to the wireless communications network200. Hence, embodiments herein may provide a flexible way to deploy a 5Gmulti antenna 3D beamforming system, so it may be adapted to thescenario of the operation, and also to the actual implementation of thenetwork node 210 or TP 210. An advantage of at least some of theembodiments herein may be that the PSS and SSS and/or PBCH aretransmitted by the network node 210 in the same OFDM symbol, which maynecessary when analog beamforming is performed at the transmitter side,since beamforming precoding weights may be only wideband in this case.For a digital implementation of the beamformer on the other hand,different beams may be used in different frequency bands. However, sinceimplementations may be widely different among TP vendors and even fordifferent products within a same vendor, the solution may not imply acertain TP implementation of beamforming, and this goal may be achievedwith embodiments herein.

In a further network node 210 or TP 210 implementation embodiment, itmay be possible to further relax the network node 210 or TP 210implementation by not transmitting the PSS etc in every OFDM symbol.This may be useful in, e.g., the case switching time or precoder weightsettling time is long. Hence, the same approach in embodiments hereinmay also enable this type of relaxed operation, where not every OFDMsymbol may be used for transmitting by the network node 210, since thesubframe and frame offsets may be acquired by the wireless device 250individually, in each used OFDM symbol respectively. Whether every or asin the example below, every other OFDM symbol is transmitting PSS etc,is agnostic to the wireless device 250, since the wireless device 250may simply fail to decode a PSS in OFDM symbols where no transmission bythe network node 210 takes place.

FIG. 7 depicts an example where only every other OFDM symbol is used bythe network node 210, so that TP beamforming hardware may havesufficient time to switch beam. In this example shown here, only 7 beamsmay be scanned in one subframe.

The previous embodiments have described general aspects of theembodiments herein. The further embodiments below will describeenhancements that will relax the wireless device 250 implementation, incase the wireless device 250 has limited processing power.

In FIG. 4, it was shown how the PSS and SSS may be separated by one slot(i.e. 7 OFDM symbols). However, the network node 210 may separate thePSS and SSS even more, by several subframes, as long as the time betweenPSS and SSS transmissions by the network node 210 are known to thewireless device 250.

The PSS may be detected by the wireless device 250 in time domain,before Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) operation, using a down sampledsignal if the PSS bandwidth is much less than the system bandwidth.However, the SSS and PBCH may be detected by the wireless device 250 infrequency domain, after FFT operation on the wideband signal, which mayrequire some more processing power in the wireless device 250, and whichthen may require the wireless device 250 to buffer the whole widebandsignal in each OFDM symbol until the PSS detector for a given OFDMsymbol has finished the detection. So, it may be useful if the timebetween the PSS detection and the SSS/PBCH detection may be extended, sothat buffering of many OFDM symbols is not required by the wirelessdevice 250. The embodiment depicted in FIG. 4 may allow this, since thenetwork node 210 transmits the PSS and SSS in such way that there are 7OFDM symbols between PSS and SSS. Hence, the wireless device 250implementation may search for the PSS using the time domain signal,after successful PSS detection, it may prepare to perform an FFToperation of the OFDM symbol transmitted 7 OFDM symbols later, therebyrelaxing the wireless device 250 implementation.

In a further wireless device 250 implementation embodiment, the timebetween PSS and SSS transmission by the network node 210 using the samebeam is longer than the slot duration. The SSS may be transmitted by thenetwork node 210 several subframes later, as long as this delay time isknown by specification. The wireless device 250 may know the delay untilthe same OFDM symbol and beam state using the same PSS/SSS/PBCHtransmission occurs again, and may thus wait until this delayed OFDMsymbol, perform the FFT and detect SSS and PBCH. Alternatively, theremay be a periodicity in the beam scanning, so that the wireless device250 may know that the same beam may be used again after a certain time,and this value may also depend on the maximum number of beam states N.Hence, the wireless device 250 may take advantage of the periodicity ofthe same signal transmission by the network node 210, and use of samebeam state by the network node 210, and it may, in the first instance,use the time domain signal to detect PSS and in a later, secondinstance, it may perform the FFT and detect SSS and PBCH.

In a further embodiment, the wireless device 250 may inform the networknode 210 or TP 210 about which beam or beams was used in synchronizingto the network node 210 or TP 210. This may be useful in subsequentdownlink transmissions from the network node 210 or TP 210 to thewireless device 250, for instance when transmitting additional systeminformation blocks, configuration of the wireless device 250, orscheduling the uplink and downlink shared data channels.

According to the detailed description just provided with illustrativeexamples, embodiments of a method performed by the network node 210 forsending to the wireless device 250 a first synchronization signal and anassociated information message, for synchronization of the wirelessdevice 250 with the network node 210, will now be described withreference to the flowchart depicted in FIG. 8. Any of the detailsprovided above in the illustrative examples, may be applicable to thedescription provided in regards to FIG. 8, although they are notrepeated here to facilitate the overview of the method. The network node210 and the wireless device 250 operate in the wireless communicationsnetwork 200, as stated earlier. FIG. 8 depicts a flowchart of theactions that are performed by the network node 210 in embodimentsherein.

The method comprises the following actions, which actions may as well becarried out in another suitable order than that described below.

Action 801

In order to allow the wireless device 250 to synchronize with thenetwork node 210, that is in order to allow the wireless device 250 toobtain subframe timing and/or the frame timing in the signals sent bythe network node 210, the network node 210 sending the firstsynchronization signal in N OFDM symbols within a subframe, at leastonce in a time and frequency position in every one of the N OFDMsymbols, as illustrated in FIGS. 3-6.

The first synchronization signal may provide the time structure on thesmallest time scale up to a medium time scale, e.g., OFDM symbol timing,as well as the time position of the second synchronization signal.

The first synchronization signal may be a PSS, as described earlier, oran equivalent synchronization signal. The detailed description providedabove, has used PSS as an illustrating example. However, any referenceto PSS in the embodiments herein is understood to equally apply to thefirst synchronization signal.

In some embodiments, the network node 210 may perform the sending byutilizing beamforming.

In some embodiments, such as those utilizing beamforming, a differentbeam state, as described earlier, is used in at least two of the N OFDMsymbols.

A different beam state may be used in each of the N OFDM symbols.

In some embodiments, the N OFDM symbols are non-consecutive OFDMsymbols.

Action 802

Also in order to allow the wireless device 250 to synchronize with thenetwork node 210, in this action, the network node 210, for each sendingof the first synchronization signal, sending the associated informationmessage at a pre-defined time and frequency position in an OFDM symbol,as illustrated in FIGS. 3-6. The pre-defined time and frequency positionis relative to the time and frequency position of the firstsynchronization signal. The associated information message is associatedwith the first synchronization signal, that is, it comprises informationthat is associated with the first synchronization signal, forsynchronization purposes. That is, the associated information messagecomprises information allowing the wireless device 250 to obtainsubframe and/or frame timing.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises anassociated second synchronization signal. The second synchronizationsignal may provide the time structure from a medium time scale up to alarge time scale, e.g., subframe and/or frame timing. The secondsynchronization signal may be a SSS, as described earlier, or anequivalent synchronization signal. The detailed description providedabove, has used SSS as an illustrating example. However, any referenceto SSS in the embodiments herein is understood to equally apply to thesecond synchronization signal.

The associated information message may comprise an associated PBCH. Inthese embodiments, the associated information message may comprise thePBCH alone, or in addition to the second synchronization signal, e.g.,the SSS.

In some embodiments, the associated PBCH further comprises associatedsystem information.

In some embodiments, the network node 210 may perform the sending byutilizing beamforming. In these embodiments, wherein the firstsynchronization signal is sent in a beam state, the associatedinformation message may be sent using the same beam state as the firstsynchronization signal associated with the associated informationmessage.

In some embodiments, the associated information message is different ineach OFDM symbol wherein the associated information message is sent.

The associated information message may comprise an index. An index maybe a number that comprises a pre-defined unique mapping with therelative position of the OFDM symbol and the subframe and/or frameboundaries, which may allow the wireless device 250 to obtain thesubframe and/or frame timing.

In some of these embodiments, the index is a sequence index, asdescribed earlier.

In some of these embodiments, the subframe timing is obtainable by thewireless device 250 by detecting the index or the sequence index.

The sequence index representing a sequence out of a set of possiblesequences. For example, in the embodiments wherein the associatedinformation message comprises the associated second synchronizationsignal, the sequence index may be an index to one of the possiblesynchronization sequences which maps uniquely to at least a subframeoffset.

In the embodiments wherein the associated information message comprisesthe associated PBCH, the index may be an explicit indication of thesubframe offset or frame offset or both.

In some embodiments, the associated information message is the same ineach OFDM symbol wherein the associated information message is sentwithin a subframe, and the associated information message is differentin each subframe wherein the associated information message is sentwithin a transmitted frame. In these embodiments, wherein the associatedinformation message comprises the index, a frame timing may beobtainable by the wireless device 250 by detecting the index.

In some embodiments wherein the associated information message comprisesthe associated SSS, and wherein the index is a sequence index, thesubframe timing may be obtainable by the wireless device 250 bydetecting the sequence index comprised in the associated SSS.

In some embodiments, wherein the associated information messagecomprises the associated system information, the frame timing isobtainable by the wireless device 250 by detecting the index comprisedin the associated system information.

Embodiments of a method performed by the wireless device 250 fordetecting the first synchronization signal and the associatedinformation message sent by the network node 210, for synchronization ofthe wireless device 250 with the network node 210, will now be describedwith reference to the flowchart depicted depicted in FIG. 9.

The method comprises the following actions, which actions may as well becarried out in another suitable order than that described below. In someembodiments, all the actions may be carried out, whereas in otherembodiments only some action/s may be carried out.

Action 901

As a first step for the wireless device 250 to obtain subframe timingand/or the frame timing in the signals sent by the network node 210,that is, in order to synchronize with the network node 210, the wirelessdevice 250 detecting the first synchronization signal. As describedearlier, the first synchronization signal has been sent by the networknode 210 in N OFDM symbols within a subframe, at least once in a timeand frequency position in every one of the N OFDM symbols.

As discussed above, in some embodiments, the network node 210 may haveperformed the sending utilizing beamforming.

Also as stated earlier, the first synchronization signal may be a PSS.

Action 902

To ensure good synchronization performance, in some embodiments, thewireless device 250 may discard detected OFDM symbols sent by thenetwork node 210. This may happen, where detection of the firstsynchronization signal in the discarded detected OFDM symbols is pooraccording to a threshold. For example, this threshold may be based onthe estimated signal to noise ratio of the detected OFDM symbol. Thatis, the wireless device 250 may not use discarded OFDM symbols intoconsideration to obtain subframe or frame timing, when estimated signalto noise ratio of a detected OFDM symbol is less than a predefinedthreshold.

Action 903

The method further comprises, the wireless device 250, detecting theassociated information message at the pre-defined time and frequencyposition. The pre-defined time and frequency position is relative to thetime and frequency position of the detected first synchronizationsignal. The associated information message corresponds to that describedabove. Thus, the associated information message is associated with thefirst synchronization signal.

The associated information message comprises the associated secondsynchronization signal. The second synchronization signal may be an SSS.

Detecting the associated information message may comprise matching asequence of the detected associated information message to one of a setof possible information message sequences. As stated earlier, this setof possible information message sequences may be the SSS specified inLTE.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated PBCH, as mentioned above. In some of these embodiments, theassociated PBCH further comprises the associated system information.

The associated information message comprises the index.

In some of these embodiments, the index is the sequence index.

In some embodiments, the sequence index comprises the index representingthe sequence out of the set of possible sequences.

Action 904

The method further comprises, the wireless device 250, obtainingsubframe timing and/or frame timing by detecting the index comprised inthe associated information message. This is because the index comprisesa pre-defined unique mapping with the relative position of the OFDMsymbol and the subframe and/or frame boundaries.

In some embodiments, the associated information message is different ineach OFDM symbol wherein the associated information message is sent bythe network node 210. In these embodiments, the subframe timing may beobtained by the wireless device 250 by detecting the index.

In some embodiments, the associated information message is the same ineach OFDM symbol wherein the associated information message is sent bythe network node 210 within a subframe, and the associated informationmessage is different in each subframe wherein the associated informationmessage is sent by the network node 210 within a transmitted frame. Inthese embodiments, the frame timing may be obtained by the wirelessdevice 250 by detecting the index.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated SSS. In these embodiments, wherein the index is the sequenceindex, the subframe timing may be obtained by the wireless device 250 bydetecting the sequence index comprised in the associated SSS.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated SSS. In these embodiments, wherein the index is the sequenceindex, the frame timing may be obtained by the wireless device 250 bydetecting the sequence index comprised in the associated SSS.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated system information, and the frame timing is obtained may bethe wireless device 250 by detecting the index comprised in theassociated system information.

Action 905

In some embodiments wherein the network node 210 has performed thesending of the first synchronization signal and the associatedinformation message utilizing beamforming, the wireless device 250 maysend a message to the network node 210. The message may compriseinformation about which beam, of the beams beamformed by the networknode 210 to send the first synchronization signal and the associatedinformation message, was used by the wireless device 250 forsynchronization. For example, the time and frequency position of thetransmitted message may be used to implicitly communicate to the networknode 210 which beam was used by the wireless device 250.

In some embodiments, the information in the message may comprise a beamstate index of the beam that was used by the wireless device 250 forsynchronization.

The wireless device 250 may send this message, for example, as a randomaccess preamble comprising a sequence and/or time frequency resourcedetermined by the index of the beam state that was used.

Embodiments herein may thus provide an approach to address the problemsmentioned earlier, by the network node 210 repeatedly transmitting thesame e.g., PSS in a scanned manner, in a new beam in each OFDM symbol.The instantaneous beam, used in a given OFDM symbol, may be unknown tothe wireless device 250, who may perform a blind search after the e.g.,PSS in time domain in order to acquire the OFDM symbol timing, which maybe a prerequisite to transform the received signal into frequencydomain, before further receiver processing. After detecting the PSS, thewireless device 250 may find the SSS and e.g., PBCH in a positionrelative to the PSS. Different from the PSS, the SSS and/or PBCH may bedifferent in each OFDM symbol. By this arrangement, the wireless device250 may acquire the symbol offset, i.e., the subframe offset, as usedherein, as well as the frame offset in the wireless communicationsnetwork 200. In some embodiments, this may be a beamformed network.

FIG. 10 depicts, a flowchart of an example of the method performed bythe wireless device 250, according to some embodiments herein, and asjust described in reference to FIG. 9. The numbers on the right side ofthe Figure indicate the correspondence to the actions described in FIG.9. In the figure, the wireless device 250 is represented as “UE”. InFIG. 10, subframe offset, as used herein, is represented as “symboloffset (subframe boundary)”. In this particular example, the firstsynchronization signal is a PSS, the associated information messagecomprises a second synchronization signal, which is SSS and the PBCH,and the network node 210 has performed the sending utilizingbeamforming. A beam is represented in the Figure as being identified by“Bi”. AS shown, the UE acquires position of SSS and PBCH throughdetection of PSS; followed by UE acquiring symbol offset by detecting ofSSS index; and the UE informs the TP or network node about which beamstate index is useful for the UE (Bi).

FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 depict schematic diagrams of at least part ofmethods in the network node 210 and the wireless device 250, accordingto some embodiments herein, and as just described in reference to someactions in FIGS. 8 and 9, respectively. The numbers on the left andright side of the Figure indicate the correspondence to the actionsdescribed in FIGS. 8 and 9, respectively.

In both figures, the network node 210 or TP 210 is represented as“Network/Transmission Point”, and the wireless device 250 is representedas “UE”. Also in both figures, the index, which in this case is asequence index, is represented as “index j”.

FIG. 11 depicts a schematic diagram describing some actions of one ofthe embodiments described herein, where the SSS determines the subframeand frame timing. Note that the PSS, SSS and PBCH not necessarily needto be transmitted in the same OFDM symbol. Note also that in thisembodiment, the wireless device 250 may accumulate PBCH across severalOFDM symbols since the PBCH remains the same in each OFDM symbol. In theparticular examples of FIGS. 11 and 12, the first synchronization signalis a PSS, the associated information message comprises a secondsynchronization signal, which is a SSS, and the PBCH, and the networknode 210 has performed the sending utilizing beamforming. The beam stateindex is represented in both Figures as being identified by “Bi”.

As shown, the TP transmits PSS in beam Bi. It is here assumed the UEsuccessfully detects the PSS. The TP transmits SSSj in beam Bi which isdetected by the UE at a position relative to the detected PSS. The UEcan determine subframe timing and frame timing from using index j. theTP transmits PBCH in beam Bi which the UE detects at a position relativeto the detected PSS and can determine system information.

FIG. 12 depicts a schematic diagram describing some actions of one ofthe embodiments described herein, where the SSS determines the subframetiming and the PBCH contains information used to determine frame timing.Note that the PSS, SSS and PBCH not necessarily need to be transmittedin the same OFDM symbol. In this figure, the index is represented as“index j” for the sequence index in the SSS, and it is represented as“k” for index in the PBCH. The difference between the example of FIG. 11and the one in FIG. 12 is that different indices are used in FIG. 12namely j for the SSS and k for the PBCH. Further, when the UE detectsthe PBCH at a position relative to detected PSS, the UE may determineframe timing based on (sequence) index k and the system information.

To perform the method actions described above in relation to FIGS. 8, 11and 12, the network node 210 is configured to send, to the wirelessdevice 250, the first synchronization signal and the associatedinformation message, for synchronization of the wireless device 250 withthe network node 210. The network node 210 comprises the followingarrangement depicted in FIG. 13. As already mentioned, in someembodiments, the network node 210 may be configured to send utilizingbeamforming.

The detailed description of some of the following corresponds to thesame references provided above, in relation to the actions described forthe network node 210, and will thus not be repeated here.

The network node 210 may be configured to send the first synchronizationsignal in N OFDM symbols within a subframe, at least once in a time andfrequency position in every one of the N OFDM symbols.

This may be performed by a sending module 1301 in the network node 210.

In some embodiments, for each sending of the first synchronizationsignal, the network node 210 is further configured to send theassociated information message at the pre-defined time and frequencyposition in an OFDM symbol. The pre-defined time and frequency positionis relative to the time and frequency position of the firstsynchronization signal. The associated information message is associatedwith the first synchronization signal.

This may be also be performed by the sending module sending 1301.

The first synchronization signal may be a PSS.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated second synchronization signal. The second synchronizationsignal may be a SSS.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated PBCH.

In some embodiments, the network node 210 is further configured to use adifferent beam state in at least two of the N OFDM symbols.

This may be also be performed by the sending module sending 1301.

In some embodiments, the network node 210 is further configured to use adifferent beam state is used in each of the N OFDM symbols.

This may be also be performed by the sending module sending 1301.

In some embodiments, the network node 210 is further configured to sendthe first synchronization signal in a beam state, and to send theassociated information message using the same beam state as the firstsynchronization signal associated with the associated informationmessage.

This may be also be performed by the sending module sending 1301.

In some embodiments, the associated PBCH further comprises theassociated system information.

In some embodiments, the associated information message is different ineach OFDM symbol wherein the associated information message isconfigured to be sent by network node 210, the associated informationmessage comprises the index, and the subframe timing is obtainable bythe wireless device 250 by detecting the index.

In some embodiments, the associated information message is the same ineach OFDM symbol wherein the associated information message isconfigured to be sent by the network node 210 within a subframe, theassociated information message is different in each subframe wherein theassociated information message is configured to be sent by the networknode 210 within a transmitted frame, the associated information messagecomprises the index, and the frame timing is obtainable by the wirelessdevice 250 by detecting the index.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated SSS, the index is the sequence index, and the subframe timingis obtainable by the wireless device 250 by detecting the sequence indexcomprised in the associated SSS.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated SSS, the index is the sequence index, and the frame timing isobtainable by the wireless device 250 by detecting the sequence indexcomprised in the associated SSS.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated system information, and the frame timing is obtainable by thewireless device 250 by detecting the index comprised in the associatedsystem information.

In some embodiments, the sequence index comprises the index representinga sequence out of the set of possible sequences.

In some embodiments, the N OFDM symbols are non-consecutive OFDMsymbols.

The embodiments herein for sending, e.g., utilizing beamforming, to thewireless device 250 the first synchronization signal and the associatedinformation message, may be implemented through one or more processors,such as the processing module 1302 in the network node 210 depicted inFIG. 13, together with computer program code for performing thefunctions and actions of the embodiments herein. The program codementioned above may also be provided as a computer program product, forinstance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program codefor performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into the in thenetwork node 210. One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc.It may be however feasible with other data carriers such as a memorystick. The computer program code may furthermore be provided as pureprogram code on a server and downloaded to the network node 210.

The network node 210 may further comprise a memory module 1303comprising one or more memory units. The memory module 1303 may bearranged to be used to store data in relation to applications to performthe methods herein when being executed in the network node 210. Memorymodule 1303 may be in communication with the processing module 1302. Anyof the other information processed by the processing module 1302 mayalso be stored in the memory module 1303.

In some embodiments, information may be received, for example, from thewireless device 250, through a receiving port 1304. In some embodiments,the receiving port 1304 may be, for example, connected to the one ormore antennas in the network node 210. In other embodiments, the networknode 210 may receive information from another structure in the wirelesscommunications network 200 through the receiving port 1304. Since thereceiving port 1304 may be in communication with the processing module1302, the receiving port 1304 may then send the received information tothe processing module 1302. The receiving port 1304 may also beconfigured to receive other information.

The information processed by the processing module 1302 in relation tothe embodiments of method herein may be stored in the memory module 1303which, as stated earlier, may be in communication with the processingmodule 1302 and the receiving port 1304.

The processing module 1302 may be further configured to transmit or sendinformation to the wireless device 250 or another node in the wirelesscommunications network 200, through a sending port 1305, which may be incommunication with the processing module 1302, and the memory module1303.

Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the module 1301described above may refer to a combination of analog and digitalmodules, and/or one or more processors configured with software and/orfirmware, e.g., stored in memory, that, when executed by the one or moreprocessors such as the processing module 1302, perform as describedabove. One or more of these processors, as well as the other digitalhardware, may be included in a single application-specific integratedcircuit (ASIC), or several processors and various digital hardware maybe distributed among several separate components, whether individuallypackaged or assembled into a system-on-a-chip (SoC).

Thus, the methods according to the embodiments described herein for thenetwork node 210 are respectively implemented by means of a computerprogram product, comprising instructions, i.e., software code portions,which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least oneprocessor to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by thenetwork node 210. The computer program product may be stored on acomputer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium,having stored thereon the computer program, may comprise instructionswhich, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least oneprocessor to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by thenetwork node 210. In some embodiments, the computer-readable storagemedium may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

To perform the method actions described above in relation to FIGS. 9,10, 11 and 12, the wireless device 250 is configured to detect the firstsynchronization signal and the associated information message configuredto be sent by the network node 210, for synchronization of the wirelessdevice 250 with the network node 210. The wireless device 250 comprisesthe following arrangement depicted in FIG. 14.

The wireless device 250 may be configured to detect the firstsynchronization signal. The first synchronization signal is configuredto have been sent by the network node 210 in N OFDM symbols within asubframe, at least once in a time and frequency position in every one ofthe N OFDM symbols.

This may be performed by a detecting module 1401 in the wireless device250.

In some embodiments, the wireless device 250 is further configured todetect the associated information message at the pre-defined time andfrequency position. The pre-defined time and frequency position isrelative to the time and frequency position of the detected firstsynchronization signal. The associated information message is associatedwith the first synchronization signal.

This may be also be performed by the detecting module 1401.

The first synchronization signal may be a PSS.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated second synchronization signal. The second synchronizationsignal may be a SSS.

In some embodiments, to detect the associated information messagecomprises to match the sequence of the detected associated informationmessage to the one of the set of possible information message sequences.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated PBCH.

In some embodiments, the associated PBCH further comprises associatedsystem information.

The associated information message comprises the index.

The wireless device 250 may be configured to obtain the subframe timingand/or the frame timing by detecting the index comprised in theassociated information message.

This may be performed by an obtaining module 1402 and/or in theprocessing module 1405 in the wireless device 250.

In some embodiments, the associated information message is different ineach OFDM symbol wherein the associated information message isconfigured to be sent by the network node 210, the associatedinformation message comprises the index, and the wireless device 250 isfurther configured to obtain the subframe timing by detecting the index.

This may be also be performed by the obtaining module 1402 and/or in theprocessing module 1405.

In some embodiments, the associated information message is the same ineach OFDM symbol wherein the associated information message isconfigured to be sent by the network node 210 within a subframe, theassociated information message is different in each subframe wherein theassociated information message is configured to be sent by the networknode 210 within a transmitted frame, the associated information messagecomprises the index, and the wireless device 250 is further configuredto obtain the frame timing by detecting the index.

This may be also be performed by the obtaining module 1402 and/or in theprocessing module 1405.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated SSS, the index is the sequence index, and the wireless device250 is further configured to obtain the frame timing by detecting thesequence index comprised in the associated SSS.

This may be also be performed by the obtaining module 1402 and/or in theprocessing module 1405.

In some embodiments, the associated information message comprises theassociated system information, and the wireless device 250 is furtherconfigured to obtain the frame timing by detecting the index comprisedin the associated system information.

This may be also be performed by the obtaining module 1402 and/or in theprocessing module 1405.

In some embodiments, the sequence index comprises the index representingthe sequence out of the set of possible sequences.

In some embodiments, the wireless device 250 may be configured todiscard detected OFDM symbols configured to be sent by the network node210, wherein detection of the first synchronization signal in thediscarded detected OFDM symbols is poor according to the threshold.

This may be performed by a discarding module 1403 in the wireless device250.

In some embodiments, the wireless device 250 may be configured to sendthe message to the network node 210, the message comprising theinformation about which beam of the beams configured to be beamformed bythe network node 210 to send the first synchronization signal and theassociated information message was used by the wireless device 250 forsynchronization.

This may be performed by a sending module 1404 in the wireless device250.

The embodiments herein for detecting the first synchronization signaland the associated information message sent by the network node 210e.g., utilizing beamforming, for synchronization of the wireless device250 with the network node 210 may be implemented through one or moreprocessors, such as the processing module 1405 in the wireless device250 depicted in FIG. 14, together with computer program code forperforming the functions and actions of the embodiments herein. Theprogram code mentioned above may also be provided as a computer programproduct, for instance in the form of a data carrier carrying computerprogram code for performing the embodiments herein when being loadedinto the in the wireless device 250. One such carrier may be in the formof a CD ROM disc. It may be however feasible with other data carrierssuch as a memory stick. The computer program code may furthermore beprovided as pure program code on a server and downloaded to the wirelessdevice 250.

The wireless device 250 may further comprise a memory module 1406comprising one or more memory units. The memory module 1406 may bearranged to be used to store data in relation to applications to performthe methods herein when being executed in the wireless device 250.Memory module 1406 may be in communication with the processing module1405. Any of the other information processed by the processing module1405 may also be stored in the memory module 1406.

In some embodiments, information may be received from, for example thenetwork node 210, through a receiving port 1407. In some embodiments,the receiving port 1407 may be, for example, connected to the one ormore antennas in the wireless device 250. In other embodiments, thewireless device 250 may receive information from another structure inthe wireless communications network 200 through the receiving port 1407.Since the receiving port 1407 may be in communication with theprocessing module 1405, the receiving port 1407 may then send thereceived information to the processing module 1405. The receiving port1407 may also be configured to receive other information.

The information processed by the processing module 1405 in relation tothe embodiments of method herein may be stored in the memory module 1406which, as stated earlier, may be in communication with the processingmodule 1405 and the receiving port 1407.

The processing module 1405 may be further configured to transmit or sendinformation to the network node 210, through a sending port 1408, whichmay be in communication with the processing module 1405, and the memorymodule 1406.

Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the different modules1401-1404 described above may refer to a combination of analog anddigital modules, and/or one or more processors configured with softwareand/or firmware, e.g., stored in memory, that, when executed by the oneor more processors such as the processing module 1405, perform asdescribed above. One or more of these processors, as well as the otherdigital hardware, may be included in a single application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), or several processors and various digitalhardware may be distributed among several separate components, whetherindividually packaged or assembled into a system-on-a-chip (SoC).

Thus, the methods according to the embodiments described herein for thewireless device 250 are respectively implemented by means of a computerprogram product, comprising instructions, i.e., software code portions,which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least oneprocessor to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by thewireless device 250. The computer program product may be stored on acomputer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium,having stored thereon the computer program, may comprise instructionswhich, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least oneprocessor to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by thewireless device 250. In some embodiments, the computer-readable storagemedium may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

When using the word “comprise” or “comprising” it shall be interpretedas non-limiting, i.e. meaning “consist at least of”.

The embodiments herein are not limited to the above described preferredembodiments. Various alternatives, modifications and equivalents may beused. Therefore, the above embodiments should not be taken as limitingthe scope of the invention.

1-24. (canceled)
 25. A method, performed by a network node, for sendingto a wireless device a first synchronization signal and an associatedinformation message, for synchronization of the wireless device with thenetwork node, the method comprising: sending the first synchronizationsignal in N Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbolswithin a subframe, at least once in a time and frequency position inevery one of the N OFDM symbols; and for each sending of the firstsynchronization signal, sending an associated information message at apredefined time and frequency position in an OFDM symbol, whichpredefined time and frequency position is relative to the time andfrequency position of the first synchronization signal.
 26. The methodof claim 25, wherein the first synchronization signal is a PrimarySynchronization Signal and wherein the associated information messagecomprises an associated second synchronization signal being a SecondarySynchronization Signal.
 27. The method of claim 25, wherein theassociated information message comprises an associated PhysicalBroadcast CHannel (PBCH), wherein the associated PBCH further comprisesassociated system information.
 28. The method of claim 25, wherein thefirst synchronization signal is sent in a beam state, and wherein theassociated information message is sent using the same beam state as thefirst synchronization signal.
 29. The method of claim 25, wherein theassociated information message comprises an index for allowing thewireless device to obtain subframe timing and/or frame timing.
 30. Themethod of claim 29, wherein the associated information message comprisesthe associated Secondary Synchronization Signal, and wherein the indexis a sequence index.
 31. A method, performed by a wireless device, fordetecting a first synchronization signal and an associated informationmessage sent by a network node for synchronization of the wirelessdevice with the network node, the method comprising: detecting the firstsynchronization signal sent by the network node in N OrthogonalFrequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols within a subframe, atleast once in a time and frequency position in every one of the N OFDMsymbols; detecting the associated information message at a predefinedtime and frequency position, which predefined time and frequencyposition is relative to the time and frequency position of the detectedfirst synchronization signal; and obtaining subframe timing and/or frametiming by detecting an index comprised in the associated informationmessage.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first synchronizationsignal is a Primary Synchronization Signal, and wherein the associatedinformation message comprises an associated second synchronizationsignal being a Secondary Synchronization Signal.
 33. The method of claim31, wherein the detecting the associated information message comprisesmatching a sequence of the detected associated information message toone of a set of possible information message sequences.
 34. The methodof claim 31, wherein the associated information message comprises anassociated Physical Broadcast CHannel (PBCH), wherein the associatedPBCH further comprises associated system information.
 35. The method ofclaim 31, wherein the index is a sequence index, and wherein thesubframe timing is obtained by the wireless device by detecting thesequence index comprised in the associated information message.
 36. Anetwork node configured to send to a wireless device a firstsynchronization signal and an associated information message, forsynchronization of the wireless device with the network node, thenetwork node comprising: a processor; memory containing instructionsexecutable by the processor whereby the network node is configured to:send the first synchronization signal in N Orthogonal Frequency-DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) symbols within a subframe, at least once in a timeand frequency position in every one of the N OFDM symbols; and for eachsending of the first synchronization signal, send an associatedinformation message at a predefined time and frequency position in anOFDM symbol, which predefined time and frequency position is relative tothe time and frequency position of the first synchronization signal. 37.The network node of claim 36, wherein the first synchronization signalis a Primary Synchronization Signal, and wherein the associatedinformation message comprises an associated second synchronizationsignal being a Secondary Synchronization Signal.
 38. The network nodeclaim 36, wherein the associated information message comprises anassociated Physical Broadcast CHannel (PBCH), wherein the associatedPBCH further comprises associated system information.
 39. The networknode of claim 36, wherein the instructions are such that the networknode is configured to: send the first synchronization signal in a beamstate; and send the associated information message using the same beamstate as the first synchronization signal.
 40. The network node of claim36, wherein the associated information message comprises an index forallowing by the wireless device to obtain a subframe and/or frametiming.
 41. The network node of claim 40, wherein the associatedinformation message comprises the associated Secondary SynchronizationSignal, and wherein the index is a sequence index.
 42. A wireless deviceconfigured to detect a first synchronization signal and an associatedinformation message configured to be sent by a network node, forsynchronization of the wireless device with the network node, thewireless device comprising: a processor; memory containing instructionsexecutable by the processor whereby the wireless device is configuredto: detect the first synchronization signal sent by the network node inN Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols within asubframe, at least once in a time and frequency position in every one ofthe N OFDM symbols; detect the associated information message at apredefined time and frequency position, which predefined time andfrequency position is relative to the time and frequency position of thedetected first synchronization signal; and obtain subframe timing and/orframe timing by detecting an index comprised in the associatedinformation message.
 43. The wireless device of claim 42, wherein thefirst synchronization signal is a Primary Synchronization Signal, andwherein the associated information message comprises an associatedsecond synchronization signal being a Secondary Synchronization Signal.44. The wireless device of claim 42, wherein the instructions are suchthat the wireless device is configured to detect the associatedinformation message by matching a sequence of the detected associatedinformation message to one of a set of possible information messagesequences.
 45. The wireless device of claim 42, wherein the associatedinformation message comprises an associated Physical Broadcast Channel(PBCH), wherein the associated PBCH further comprises associated systeminformation.
 46. The wireless device of claim 42, wherein the index is asequence index, and wherein the instructions are such that the wirelessdevice is configured to obtain the subframe timing by detecting thesequence index comprised in the associated information message.
 47. Acomputer program product stored in a non-transitory computer readablemedium for controlling a network node for sending to a wireless device afirst synchronization signal and an associated information message, forsynchronization of the wireless device with the network node, thecomputer program product comprising software instructions which, whenrun on at least one processor of the network node, causes the networknode to: send the first synchronization signal in N OrthogonalFrequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols within a subframe, atleast once in a time and frequency position in every one of the N OFDMsymbols; and for each sending of the first synchronization signal, sendan associated information message at a predefined time and frequencyposition in an OFDM symbol, which predefined time and frequency positionis relative to the time and frequency position of the firstsynchronization signal.
 48. A computer program product stored in anon-transitory computer readable medium for controlling a wirelessdevice, for detecting a first synchronization signal and an associatedinformation message sent by a network node for synchronization of thewireless device with the network node, the computer program productcomprising software instructions which, when run on at least oneprocessor of the wireless device, causes the wireless device to: detectthe first synchronization signal sent by the network node in NOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols within asubframe, at least once in a time and frequency position in every one ofthe N OFDM symbols; detect the associated information message at apredefined time and frequency position, which predefined time andfrequency position is relative to the time and frequency position of thedetected first synchronization signal; and obtain subframe timing and/orframe timing by detecting an index comprised in the associatedinformation message.